Percentages presented for demographic characteristics are weighted column percentages. In this primary design, all eligible infants meeting inclusion criteria were included without sampling which improved power and minimized bias related to selection. Trends in disease severity and health care utilization during the early Omicron variant period compared with previous SARS-CoV-2 high transmission periodsUnited States, December 2020January 2022. Med. Monthly incidence is based on SARS-CoV-2 positive test result date or, if not known, hospital admission date. Vaccinated patients were older (68 vs. 57 years), and 62% had at least one comorbidity Admission to the ICU was 20%, and the mortality rate at 30 days was 14%. Members receive almost all their medical care at KPNC-owned facilities, including clinics, hospitals, pharmacies, and laboratories. Percentages presented were weighted to account for the probability of selection for sampled cases (3). Durability of anti-spike antibodies in infants after maternal COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection. All other authors declare no competing interests. This was the highest age-adjusted weekly rate observed among any racial and ethnic group during the pandemic. https://doi.org . In addition, our study period included two different SARV-CoV-2 variants, which allowed estimation of the effectiveness of vaccination during pregnancy in infants during both the Delta and Omicron variant periods. Libby Reeg reports grants from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services during the conduct of the study. Other studies found similarly decreased proportions of severe outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during this period (6).. as well as other partner offers and accept our. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Mortal. However, data currently available on the persistence of immunity after vaccination on the one hand and the emergence of viral variants with reduced sensibility to vaccine immunity on the other, raise the need to administer boosters to maintain the protection and to compare . Maternal vaccination was protective, but protection was lower during Omicron than during Delta. N. Engl. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36547-4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36547-4. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, the proportion of cases in non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islanders also increased, whereas the proportion in all other racial and ethnic groups decreased. J. Med. By the end of December, Omicron made up 58% of all cases in the US, per Our World in Data, but Delta is thought to cause more severe disease and more hospitalizations than Omicron on average. adjudicated chart reviews. Statistical codes are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author. JAMA 326, 16291631 (2021). COVID-19 vaccination coverage among pregnant women during pregnancyEight Integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 14, 2020-May 8, 2021. and statistical significance was assessed at two-sided p0.05. TN and NMF were responsible for visualisation. CIDRAP - Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy Children currently account for about 18.5% of reported COVID-19 cases in the United States1. NMF, MC, GD, DDA, AMP, and ST handled project administration. Vaccination status is not available for Iowa and cases from Iowa are excluded from analyses that examined vaccination status. Between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022, we identified 62,117 infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated healthcare delivery organization. 61) indicates a lower risk of hospitalisation with omicron versus delta, averaging over all age groups and vaccination strata. ICU admission status was missing in 1.3% (weighted) of hospitalizations; these hospitalizations are included in other analyses. Nature Communications thanks Annette Regan, Olof Stephansson and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. TN, NMF, SGN, DDA, AMP, and ST wrote the original draft of the manuscript. Waning 2-dose and 3-dose effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalizations among adults during periods of delta and omicron variant predominanceVISION Network, 10 states, August 2021-January 2022. However, these Omicron impacts have been mostly observed in countries with high vaccination rates in the Region: the comparatively lower rate of hospitalizations and deaths so far is in large part thanks to vaccination, particularly of vulnerable groups. All adults should stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. It is not inevitable that viral evolution leads to lower severity. Rates were highest among unvaccinated adults and lowest among those who had received a booster or additional dose. VE against hospitalization was not estimated because of the very small number of hospitalized cases. Informed consent was waived because this was a data-only study with no direct contact with participants. Late last year, as Omicron was spreading fast in the US, hospitalization rates per 100,000 rose sharply among unvaccinated adults, while rates in those who were fully vaccinated remained. Hospitalisation associated with SARS-CoV-2 delta variant in Denmark. Using Cox regression, the effectiveness of 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine received during pregnancy was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66, 93), 62% (CI: 39, 77) and 56% (CI: 34,71) during months 02, 04 and 0- 6 of a childs life, respectively, in the Delta variant period. Association of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy with incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants. Although the study was unable to directly estimate VE against hospitalization due to the small number of hospitalized cases, it found that over the entire study period, the incidence rate of hospitalization during the first 6 months of life was much lower among the infants whose mothers were vaccinated during pregnancy compared with those whose mothers were not vaccinated. Vaccinations were limited only to those received during pregnancy. wrote the initial manuscript. * Overall rates are unadjusted; rates presented by racial and ethnic group are age-adjusted. Additional COVID-NET methods for determining vaccination status have been described previously. We did not have genotyping data to confirm the variant that infected infants who tested positive and instead relied on state data regarding circulating strain predominance in the Northern California region. 1.04-1.49) after adjusting for age, sex, and vaccine characteristics. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:14652. Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. Among nonpregnant and pregnant adults aged 18 years, hospitalization rates were calculated overall, and by race/ethnicity and COVID-19 vaccination status. conducted all statistical analysis in collaboration with O.Z. Department of Health and Human Services. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Sect. Nature Communications (Nat Commun) Wkly. We observed that infants protection through vaccination during pregnancy decreased as they aged from 2 months to 6 months. Morb. https://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.27.21262356v1. Racial and ethnic disparities in rates of COVID-19associated hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and in-hospital death in the United States from March 2020 to February 2021. Nat Commun 14, 894 (2023). J. Obstet. Abbreviations: COVID-NET = COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network; ICU=intensive care unit; IMV=invasive mechanical ventilation; LTCF=long-term care facility; NA = not applicable. After adjusting for covariates, vaccination during pregnancy significantly reduced the risk of the infant testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66, 93) during the first 2 months of life, 62% (95% CI: 39, 77) during the first 4 months of life and 56% (95% CI: 34,71) during the first 6 months of life. MMWR and Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report are service marks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. However, in contrast with the Norwegian study which reported that infants of mothers who were vaccinated had a 33% decreased risk of testing positive during the first 4 months of life during the Omicron period17, our study found a 13% reduced risk that was not statistically significant. Relative to unvaccinated hospitalized patients, hospitalized vaccinees were more likely to be older (median age, 70 vs 58 years) and to have at least three underlying conditions (77.8% vs 51.6%). Am. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Lipkind, H. S. et al. Classification of omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern. * https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covid-net/purpose-methods.html. COVID-19; IL-6 . During the Delta period, we found that protection extended through the infants first 6 months of life. Effectiveness of Two Doses of BNT162b2 Vaccine before and during Proxy Omicron Period. Black adults accounted for a higher percentage of hospitalizations during the Omicron-predominant period (26.7%) than during the Delta-predominant period (22.2%, p = 0.05). Stay up to date with what you want to know. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2022. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Klein, N. P. et al. CAS PubMed Central Suggested citation for this article: Taylor CA, Whitaker M, Anglin O, et al. Using previously described methods (3), investigators collected clinical data on a representative sample of adult patients (7.9%) hospitalized during July 1, 2021January 31, 2022, stratified by age and COVID-NET site. The cumulative monthly age-adjusted hospitalization rate during January 2022 among unvaccinated adults (528.2) was 12 times the rates among those who had received a booster or additional dose (45.0) and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose (133.5). Morb. Morb. Persons with multiple, unknown, or missing race accounted for 6.9% (weighted) of all cases. The report shows people catching Omicron are: 31% to 45% less likely to go to A&E. 50% to 70% less likely to be admitted to hospital for treatment. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the rate of COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States was 10.5 times higher in unvaccinated adults and 2.5 times higher in those who were vaccinated but received no booster than in booster recipients, according to a new study. But the charts are in line with data from the UK Health Safety Agency, which found that protection from a third dose of Pfizer or Moderna vaccine against hospitalization with Omicron was about 89%, waning slightly to 83% at 10 weeks, Insider's Catherine Schuster Bruce reported. Weekly COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates among U.S. infants and children aged 0-4 years have declined since the peak of January 8, 2022; however, peak rates during Omicron predominance were approximately five times those of the peak during Delta predominance. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. of pages found at these sites. Persons who received only 1 vaccine dose of a 2-dose series 14 days before the SARS-CoV-2 test date or had received a single dose of either a 1- or 2-dose vaccination series <14 days before the positive SARS-CoV-2 test result were considered partially vaccinated and were not included in rates by vaccination status. CAS Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Stay up to date with your COVID-19 vaccines. 139, e20164091 (2017). "The association between the QCovid risk groups and the risk of death were stronger in people who had received a booster and were infected by the Omicron variant compared with evidence from the Alpha and Delta period in doubly vaccinated individuals," the authors wrote. Stock, Jade Carruthers, Rachael Wood, Joshua Guedalia, Michal Lipschuetz, Ofer Beharier, Tobias Homan, Sara Mazzilli, Domenico Martinelli, Manaf AlQahtani, Xing Du, Siddhartha Mukherjee, Jussipekka Salo, Milla Hgg, Lauri Sksvuori, Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H. Ayoub, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Nature Communications The study provides evidence that a previous omicron infection in triple-vaccinated individuals provides high amounts of protection against BA.5 and BA.2 infections. The mean age at pregnancy onset was 31.62 years (standard deviation of 4.66 years). In the US, as of the end of September 2022, almost 15 million children ages <18 years have tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The U.K. Health. However, protection estimates greater than 90% might be too high if individuals with a previous infection were more likely than those without one to come forward for a test for reasons other than suspicion of COVID-19. The objective of this study was to further evaluate the effectiveness of at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants during the first 2, 4, and 6 months of life during the Delta and Omicron variant periods. CDC. Spontaneous abortion following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Christopher A. Taylor, PhD1; Michael Whitaker, MPH1; Onika Anglin, MPH1,2; Jennifer Milucky, MSPH1; Kadam Patel, MPH1,2; Huong Pham, MPH1; Shua J. Chai, MD3,4; Nisha B. Alden, MPH5; Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, MPH6; Evan J. Anderson, MD7,8,9; Kenzie Teno, MPH10; Libby Reeg, MPH11; Kathryn Como-Sabetti, MPH12; Molly Bleecker, MA13; Grant Barney, MPH14; Nancy M. Bennett, MD15; Laurie M. Billing, MPH16; Melissa Sutton, MD17; H. Keipp Talbot, MD18; Keegan McCaffrey19; Fiona P. Havers, MD1; COVID-NET Surveillance Team (View author affiliations). Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. These results suggest that in addition to providing protection against testing positive, vaccination during pregnancy also provides protection against hospitalization (severe disease) in infants during their first 6 months of life as previously reported recently18,19. These persons are excluded from the proportions of race/ethnicity but are included in other analyses. Danino, D. et al. Pregnant women were excluded because their reasons for hospital admission (4) might differ from those for nonpregnant persons. The study was conducted among a cohort of infants born between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022. A recent study found that the mean titer of maternally derived antibodies in infants of vaccinated mothers were higher at age 2 months compared with antibody titers at age 6 months23. Real-world data suggest lower COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against Omicron variants11,12,13,14. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:108893. N. Engl. Google Scholar. PLoS ONE 15, e0229279 (2020).