? The T2 tells you that the image was made using a T2-weighted MRI scan. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties. 2. C.V. Mosby. Magnetic resonance imaging of intramedullary spinal cord lesions: a pictorial review. A tesla 3 mri w & w/o gad found patchy t2 prolongation in the pons which was more prominent than my 2013 mri. 2000 Nov;10(4):689-704 ,viii. The Content on this Site is presented in a summary fashion, and is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. For example, a brainstem lesion can cause room spinning sensations and balance problems. Cervical (neck) spinal cord T2/FLAIR lesions could cause tingling and numbness in the hands and legs. What is increased T2 signal on MRI report? Just got my MRI report. What does "increased T2 prolongation involving the right midbrain" mean on his MRI? Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The MS Lesion Checklist provides brief definitions for 10 types of lesions that are best appreciated on axial or sagittal T2-weighted (T2W) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences. You have 4 two lateral venticles, and two midline. Rest. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. V1/T1 = V2/T2 Where temperature must be in Kelvins 67C + 273 = 340 K So 140/340 = 50/T2 Find T2 340/140 (50) = T2 T2 = 121 K or -152C. Many of the lesions may not be causing obvious symptoms. You have 4 two lateral venticles, and two midline. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? Imaging of the spine in multiple sclerosis. a focus of T2 hyperINTENSITY means that the signal from that area has different tissue characteristics compared to normal brian tissue. Unable to process the form. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. HealthTap uses cookies to enhance your site experience and for analytics and advertising purposes. T2 images are a map of proton energy within fatty AND water-based tissues of the body Fatty tissue is distinguished from water-based tissue by comparing with the T1 images - anything that is bright on the T2 images but dark on the T1 images is fluid-based tissue This finding has been variously attributed to the presence of fat, muscle, connective tissue, abnormal vascularity, or degenerative changes. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Hope this helped and do keep us posted. What does it mean? We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. T2/FLAIR images show the total amount of scar from MS from its onset. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Spinal Cord. Certainly, these findings are not diagnostic for any entity, and may represent old head injury, prior cigarette smoking, or even changes in arteries a to start having migraine at 41. The site is secure. Differential diagnosis of T2 hyperintense spinal cord lesions: part B Hyperintense spinal cord signal on T2-weighted images is seen in a wide-ranging variety of spinal cord processes. Studies suggest that a combination of MTA and severe WMH showed more than a fourfold increase in the frequency of mild cognitive deficits. it also found the following: there is a focus of uniform t2 prolongation in the medial lower pole of the right kidney measuring 20 mm in diameter. Call your doctor or 911 if you think you may have a medical emergency. Would have to know the patients entire history and have all data that is availabl What does it mean if a t2 prolongation on brain mri is getting larger? The topics discussed in Part B of this two part series include multiple sclerosis, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, cord infarction, arteriovenous shunts, transverse myelitis, neurosarcoidosis, AIDS-associated vacuolar myelopathy, and syringohydromyelia. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. My 12yr old has a growing brain tumor - Neurology Community. The pattern of T1 lesions with contrast changes from month to month. . My mri states: there is a single region of three foci of t2 prolongation within the white matter. Misdiagnosis of spinal subacute combined degeneration in a patient with elevated serum B12 concentration and sensory deficit level. What should I be concerned for regarding very large simple kidney cyst? [citation needed], Hyperintensities are often seen in auto immune diseases that have effects on the brain. Neurologist isn't worried. Is there mild heterogeneous T2 signal change within the supraspinatus? Usually this is due to an increased water content of the tissue. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. By using this Site you agree to the following, By using this Site you agree to the following. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. This condition can increase a person's risk of experiencing abnormal heart rhythms and . A mri was taken and the impression says abnormal t2 prolongation identified in the periventricular white matter region, what does this mean? An increase in T2 signal intensity is often associated with chronic compression of the spinal cord, and it is well established that chronic compression results in structural changes to the spinal cord. 1.6 x 0.7 cm and a dominant right-sided lesion in the parietal white matter approx. What does Mild periventricular and subcortical abnormal T2 andsparing posterior fossa and brainstem mean on mri? (An excellent review article, significantly expanding the work of Elster and Yokoo et al., formulating imaging contrast in terms of tissue-property filters and clarifying many paradoxes and misunderstandings concerning the concept of "weighting". Synonym Discussion of Prolong. Young IR, Szeverenyi NM, Du J, Bydder GM. How long does supraspinatus tendinopathy take to heal? Deep white matter hyperintensites occur deep within white matter, periventricular white matter hyperintensities occur adjacent to the lateral ventricles and subcortical hyperintensities occur in the basal ganglia. It really concerns me since i seem to be having a number of issues. Except for some minimal right periventricular white matter T2 brightness which is overall nonspecific and minimal is otherwise . T2 refers to the time it takes to spin the hydrogen atoms. A mri was taken and the impression says abnormal t2 prolongation identified in the periventricular white matter region, what does this mean? What causes increased signal in the normal supraspinatus tendon? sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Doctors typically provide answers within 24 hours. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Usually, especially in older people, it means changes in the blood vessels in the brain. Many of the lesions may not be causing obvious symptoms. The authors present an algorithmic approach to evaluating intrinsic abnormality of . Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in less than one minute for common issues such as: colds and coughs, stomach symptoms, bladder infections, rashes, and more. A T2WI relies upon the transverse relaxation (also known as "spin-spin" relaxation) of the net magnetization vector (NMV). If this turns out to be a benign cyst,is it just something that doesn't cause a problem and can be disregarded? . official website and that any information you provide is encrypted It goes on to say otherwise unremarkable. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? what does "increased t2 prolongation involving the right midbrain" mean on his mri? A T2WI relies upon the transverse relaxation (also known as "spin-spin" relaxation) of the net magnetization vector (NMV). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Carroll T, Smith CD, Liu X, Bonaventura B, Mann N, Liu J, Ebraheim NA. MRI of the cervical (neck) spinal cord: T2 scan, info@MSLivingWell.org | ph: 314 996-7773 | 3009 North Ballas - Building B, Suite 105B - St. Louis, Missouri 63131 | MS LivingWell 2008-2023, The Center for Outpatient Therapy and Wellness, The Imaging Center at Missouri Baptist Medical Center, The MS Infusion Center at Missouri Baptist Medical Center. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies FInstP PJAOBEPFIPSM, CSci JWMFIPEM. I am really worried? Characterization of the abnormal areas of T2 signal as well as their appearance on other MR imaging sequences, when combined with clinical context and laboratory investigations, will often allow a unique diagnosis, or at least aid in narrowing the differential diagnosis. 2015 Dec;53(12):842-8. doi: 10.1038/sc.2015.110. 1987;149 (4): 831-7. How to detect T2 prolongation in skeletal muscle? The water that is in bone, teeth, and calculi would mostly be bound as to collagen and would have a very short T2 time constant and appear dark. Sufficient damage to the axons that course through WMH can cause adequate interference with normal neuronal functions. Mitchell DG, Burk DL, Vinitski S et-al. "Nonspecific white matter changes". "White matter hyperintensities" (lesions that appear bright white on certain sequences of MRI scans) " Leukoaraiosis " (a term that is used if the spots are thought to be caused by decreased blood flow. A short T2 means that the signal decays very rapidly. It says: Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) lesions on T2/FLAIR brain MRI are frequently seen in healthy elderly people. An abnormal prolongation can be associated with metabolic problem. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Whether these radiological lesions correspond to irreversible histological changes is still a matter of debate. My brain MRI shows "scattered areas T2 prolongation in the periventricular and subcortical white matter, a dominant left-sided lesion in left parietal white matter approx. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? MeSH We report the radiologic-histopathologic concordance between T2/FLAIR WMHs and neuropathologically confirmed demyelination in the periventricular, perivascular . I had a lumbar mri due to increased pain and found a lot of degenerative changes. The hyperintense lesion could be due to a cyst or tumor. This slower motion is closer to the Larmor frequency. The result is that the Mxy component of the magnetic vector decreases exponentially as a function of the T2 time constant (Figure 1). . Certain features of gait pattern associated with WMH are: slight widening of the base, slowing and shortening of stride length and turning en bloc. They are all conncected. Educational text answers on HealthTap are not intended for individual diagnosis, treatment or prescription. Generally, the lesions remain bright for only 1-2 months. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. It could be a simple kidney cyst. It does not store any personal data. 3 How long does supraspinatus tendinopathy take to heal? For example, a brainstem lesion can cause room spinning sensations and balance problems. Differential diagnosis of T2 hyperintense spinal cord lesions: Part A. A short T2 means that the signal decays very rapidly. I received my MRI result today. Alteration in muscle T2, notably T2 prolongation due to increased intracellular or extracellular free water (muscle edema), is best detected with inversion-recovery and fat-suppressed T2-weighted images (, 1,, 2 ). Long T2 fluids with few macromolecules such as water, urine, and CSF will appear bright on T2-weighted images. Posts on t2 prolongation (3146) mri results - Multiple Sclerosis Community. Clinics in diagnostic imaging (190). 1. ? i am only 44, what could this be? J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. Disclaimer. They are opposed, and the results are often disappointing. The prevailing view is that these intensities are a marker of small-vessel vascular disease and in clinical practice, are . Fortunately, some treatments can prevent up to 90% of these lesions from forming. In an MRI report, the white spots might be described as: "High signal intensity areas". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The pictures show both old and new inflammation. Particular features of the focal lesions on MR images (number, size, location, presence or lack of edema, reaction to contrast medium, evolution in time), as well as accompanyi How to detect T2 prolongation in skeletal muscle? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. One of the major challenges associated with the T2 assessment according to the RANO criteria is the differentiation between T2-progress and other causes of T2 signal increase, such as edema, radiation effects, decreased corticosteroid dosing, seizures, postoperative changes, or even ischemic injury. T2 relaxation, also known as spin-spin relaxation or transverse relaxation, refers to the progressive dephasing of spinning dipoles resulting in decay in the magnetization in the transverse plane (M xy).Following a radiofrequency pulse, this form of relaxation occurs with the time constant T2, where T2 is the time it takes for the transverse magnetization vector to decay to 1/e or 37% of its . At the time the article was created Usman Bashir had no recorded disclosures. Whether these radiological lesions correspond to irreversible histological changes is still a matter of debate. My Dad has metastic NSC Lung cancer. By using this Site you agree to the following, By using this Site you agree to the following, mri results - Multiple Sclerosis Community, My 12yr old has a growing brain tumor - Neurology Community, Brin MRI findings in my 3 yo - Neurology Community, White Spots on Brain - Neurology Community, Interpretation of Brain MRI Results - Brain, Pituitary and Skull Base Tumor Forum Expert Forum, Help with Child's Brain/Spinal MRI Results - Neurology Community, new ms diagnosis - Multiple Sclerosis Community, NEW MRI RESULTS - Multiple Sclerosis Community, Would someone be able to help me interpret my MRI report? Many similar examples of additive (augmenting) or subtractive (competing) image contrasts between two tissue components may be cited. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? protract adds to prolong implications of needlessness, vexation, or indefiniteness. Spinal cord injuries without radiologic abnormality in children: a systematic review. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. [2] They are also seen in a number of neurological disorders and psychiatric illnesses. However, continued development of new brain T2/FLAIR lesions could lead to new attacks and thinking problems such as short-term memory loss or trouble keeping track of multiple tasks at the same time. Can a person have such a finding and still be normal? Senol MG, Sonmez G, Ozdag F, Saracoglu M. Do-Dai DD, Brooks MK, Goldkamp A, Erbay S, Bhadelia RA. T2 reflects the length of time it takes for the MR signal to decay in the transverse plane. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us"}, Bashir U, Rock P, Murphy A, et al. The poor blood supply and vascularity of tendons mean that is can take a long time for them to heal on there own. T2 weighting tends to require long TE and TR times. T2 (transverse relaxation time) is the time constant which determines the rate at which excited protons reach equilibrium or go out of phase with each other. 11, 23 It is still unclear the number of cases in which these causes of T2-signal increase may . It also found the following: There is a focus of uniform T2 prolongation in the medial lower pole of the right kidney measuring 20 mm in diameter. but no futher study has taken place. QT prolongation is the medical term for an extended interval between the heart contracting and relaxing. So substances with short T2's have smaller signals and appear darker than substances with longer T2 values. You have brain structures that show up white on MRI in this area. To learn more, please visit our. Mri brain was done it showed scattered white matter foci of increased t2 prolongation. 2 How do you treat inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon? [7], White matter hyperintensities can be caused by a variety of factors including ischemia, micro-hemorrhages, gliosis, damage to small blood vessel walls, breaches of the barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain, or loss and deformation of the myelin sheath. Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in less than one minute for common issues such as: colds and coughs, stomach symptoms, bladder infections, rashes, and more. Foci of increased T2 signal intensity were found on brain MR scans in 16 (59%) of 27 healthy elderly volunteer subjects, ages 63 to 86 years old. T2/FLAIR lesions can directly account for some symptoms. It is a measure of the time taken for spinning protons to lose phase coherence among the nuclei spinning perpendicular to the main field. An estimated 25 percent of people 40 years of age and 50 percent of people 50 years of age have simple kidney cysts. Remember that bright doesn't mean "compared to the rest of the scan," it means "compared to how that area is supposed to look." This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. What does this mean There are a few scattered small foci of t2 hyperintensity in the periventricular and subcortical white matter of each cerbral white matter of each cerebral hemishere. A hyperintensity or T2 hyperintensity is an area of high intensity on types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain of a human or of another mammal that reflect lesions produced largely by demyelination and axonal loss. My dad has metastic nsc lung cancer. Usually this is due to an increased water content of the tissue. I am a thirty two year old femalesix feet tall and three hundred forty pounds. In all tissues, there exist tiny magnetic fields (~1mT) generated by the spinning hydrogen nuclei (protons). To the right are images of a brain tumor with intrinsically long T1 and T2 values having opposite intensities on T1- and T2-weighted images. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:1080-1120. You have 4 two lateral venticles, and two midline. 1.2 x 0.5" No associated pathological enhancement after contract administered. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This is related in part to the slower motion of protons both in macromolecules as well as water molecules attracted to the surface of the macromolecule. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties. "The clinical importance of white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis", "White matter hyperintensities and imaging patterns of brain ageing in the general population", "Meta-analysis, Database, and Meta-regression of 98 Structural Imaging Studies in Bipolar Disorder", "Testing the white matter retrogenesis hypothesis of cognitive aging", "Volume of white matter hyperintensities in healthy adults: contribution of age, vascular risk factors, and inflammation-related genetic variants", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, "Medial temporal lobe atrophy and white matter hyperintensities are associated with mild cognitive deficits in non-disabled elderly people: The LADIS study", "Regional white matter hyperintensities: aging, Alzheimer's disease risk, and cognitive function", "A New Visual Rating Scale to Assess Strategic White Matter Hyperintensities Within Cholinergic Pathways in Dementia", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyperintensity&oldid=1140382689, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 21:27. To understand this "paradox", you must realize that apixel's "brightness" or "darkness" on an MR image is directly related to the magnitude of the detected MR signal. The resulting short T2 time causes tendons and other semi-solid tissues to appear dark on T2-weighted images. FOIA Connect with a U.S. board-certified doctor by text or video anytime, anywhere. i noticed on my mri results that it said there is a single punctate focus of t2 prolongation in the left corona radiata, nonspecific. 8600 Rockville Pike prolongation definition: 1. the act of making something last a longer time: 2. the act of making something last a longer. This is often due to a combination of atherosclerosis, demyelination (loss of the "white matter" covering the nerves ), and scarring. 2020 Jul;16(3):369-375. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2020.16.3.369. The Content on this Site is presented in a summary fashion, and is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. Following a radiofrequency pulse, this form of relaxation occurs with the time constant T2, where T2 is the time it takes for the transverse magnetization vector to decay to 1/e or 37% of its initial magnitude. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Speed of cognitive processes and frontal skills may also be impaired in people with WMH. Would you kindly let me know what this means. To learn more, please visit our, Your brain has ventricles which are fluid filled cavities on the inside of you brain. For these, please consult a doctor (virtually or in person). T2 relaxation. T2/FLAIR lesions can directly account for some symptoms. It can cause issues with memory, balance and mobility. This is related to the rate of rotation and translation of the water molecule or adjacent dipoles. Causes including simple MR artefacts, trauma, primary and secondary tumours, radiation myelitis and diastematomyelia were discussed in Part A. Never disregard or delay professional medical advice in person because of anything on HealthTap. My doctor wants me to have blood drawn, a urinalysis and an ultrasound. i am diabetic,have congenital spinal stenosis, a cyst on my left ovary , have only menstrated three times in my lifetime . A mri was taken and the impression says abnormal t2 prolongation identified in the periventricular white matter region, what does this mean? Do you have any symptoms now? A wide range of instructive cases is discussed here, with review of the published reports focusing on pertinent MR features to aid in diagnosis. Hyperintensities are commonly divided into 3 types depending on the region of the brain where they are found. You have brain structures that show up white on, in this area. prolonged illness. These foci were not related to cognitive function or cerebrovascular risk factors; instead, they were highly correlated to age, being present in 11 of 11 subjects aged 75 years and over. Diagnosis is based on the appearance of the rotator cuff tendons (grading system) and the presence or absence of signs denoting involvement of the subacromial bursa and subacromialsubdeltoid plane. Learn more. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. National Library of Medicine White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are lesions in the brain that show up as areas of increased brightness when visualised by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). [3][4] WMH volume, calculated as a potential diagnostic measure, has been shown to correlate to certain cognitive factors. I recently had an ultrasound and they found "spots" on both kidneys, Rhabdomyolysis Hospitalization with torturous muscle pain and bedridden, The Best IOL for 2022 RXSight Light Adjusted Lens, Will refractive surgery such as LASIK keep me out of glasses all my life. Appointments 866.588.2264 Appointments & Locations The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Each magnetic dipole exists in a microenvironment unique to the tissue where it belongs. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 05 Mar 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-16494, View Patrick J Rock's current disclosures, see full revision history and disclosures, dependence of magnetization (proton density, field strength and temperature), effect of gradient strength and bandwidth on slice thickness, longitudinal and transverse magnetization, molecular tumbling rate effects on T1 and T2. Again noted are innumerable foci of subcortical and periventricular white matter T2 prolongation in the frontal and parietal lobes but also a . The meaning of PROLONG is to lengthen in time : continue. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. [5] Hyperintensities appear as "bright signals" (bright areas) on an MRI image and the term "bright signal" is occasionally used as a synonym for a hyperintensity. These small regions of high intensity are observed on T2 weighted MRI images (typically created using 3D FLAIR) within cerebral white matter (white matter . [8], In most elderly people, presence of severe WMH and medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) was linked with an increase in frequency of mild cognitive deficits. Saunders Ltd. (2007) ISBN:0702028444. 2009 Dec;53(6):558. doi: 10.1111/j.1754-9485.2009.02123.x. i'm 43 and started having migraine with aura at 41. What is the grading scale for supraspinatus tendinopathy? Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in a minute. Examples of T1 and T2 in biological tissues include:CSF, T1=1.9 seconds and T2=0.25 seconds; brain white matter, T1=0.5 seconds and T2=0.07 seconds (70 msec). ? There are innumerable punctate T2/FLARE hyperintense lesions throughout the subcortical and periventricular white matter. 2010 Jul-Aug;39(4):160-85. doi: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2009.05.004. Check for errors and try again. Get prescriptions or refills through a video chat, if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate. How to use prolonged in a sentence. Areas of new, active inflammation in the brain become white on T1 scans with contrast. Natural history of the cervical high-intensity intramedullary lesion in achondroplasia. The .gov means its official. That is the case with my hubby. Without going into the physics of MRI (which I doubt even the most ardent Radiologist could explain), prolongation of the T2 signal (a bright area on , MS, normal and other. Content on HealthTap (including answers) should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and interactions on HealthTap do not create a doctor-patient relationship. Get prescriptions or refills through a video chat, if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate. - Oct 04, 2011. dxd in 08 with rrms have had what i considered relapses last dr says not ms last mri States. The hyperintense focus is a bright spot, likely caused by higher than expected water content. Get answers from Diagnostic Radiologists and top U.S. doctors, Our doctors evaluate, diagnose, prescribe, order lab tests, and recommend follow-up care. T2 reflects the length of time it takes for the MR signal to decay in the transverse plane. Resting the shoulder and upper arm is necessary at the first sign of pain from an injury. J Clin Neurol. Hello and hope you are doing well. In such cases the attending physician who ordered the study asks the radiologist who interpreted the study to elucidate further and determine whether Understanding radiology reports can be challenging. An abnormal prolongation can be associated with metabolic problem 3.8k views Reviewed >2 years ago Thank Dr. Melissa Gowans and another doctor agree 2 thanks Last updated Jul 13, 2018 Found in: This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. [9] Severe WMH is consistently shown to be associated with gait disorders, impaired balance and cognitive disturbances. Top answers from doctors based on your search: Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. T2 refers to the time it takes to spin the hydrogen atoms. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. While the overall length of stay in the hospital was similar between patients with and without an increase in the T2 signal intensity (12.5 vs 10.3 days, respectively, p = 0.22), patients with an increased T2 signal intensity spent significantly more time in the ICU, and there was a strong trend toward an increased length of dependence on . I would want to know if you had an elevated CRP, sed rate or a positive ANA test. Almost immediately, they lose coherence as some spin slightly faster than the others. Dr. Stuart Hickerson answered Family Medicine 33 years experience MRI: Your brain has ventricles which are fluid filled cavities on the inside of you brain. 2016 Sep;37(9):1577-8. doi: 10.1007/s10072-016-2566-1. MRI is essential: to confirm the suspected diagnosis of MS. to evaluate for alternative diagnoses. [6], Postmortem studies combined with MRI suggest that hyperintensities are dilated perivascular spaces, or demyelination caused by reduced local blood flow.