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Im a big fan of that, and it was executed brilliantly here. Powerful and compelling. Review: Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. In Isabels journey, Ivn is claimed by sharks, which symbolize the life-taking maw of the ocean. It is shabbos and time for Josef's Bar Mitzvah, the Jewish religious ceremony when a Jewish boy turns 13 years old. When the St. Louis reaches Havana Harbor in Cuba, the ship is not allowed to dock. However, soon enough, Germany invades Poland, thus beginning World War II. publication in traditional print. The book revolves around three main characters from three different eras: Nazi Germany, 1990s Cuba, and modern-day Syria. Heartrendingly, Josef notes that he and Ruthie never want to leave the St. Louis, the first place they have been treated as human beings in a long while. Sometimes it can end up there. Want 100 or more? Full of struggle, heroism, and non-stop adventure, Refugee is not only an important book, its a terrific story. Josef is 12 years old at the beginning of the book, living in Nazi Germany in 1938, where Jewish people like Josef are treated as "subhuman" and second-class citizens. Josef Landau's story begins in 1938 in Nazi Germany. He watches his friends' father, whom had already sought asylum in Cuba, come to pick up his daughters on the boat. 4 Mar. The Nazis labelling Aarons practice as a crime against the German people inherently detaches them from their own German culture. Josefs story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. For the last few years, there has been a war in his country between the Syrian government, rebels, the Soviets, the United States and several other factions. Isabel Fernandez is an eleven-year-old girl who lives just outside Havana in 1994. Isabel's story is like that of thousands of other Cuban immigrants who all fled Castro's Cuba. Get news and updates about the stuff Alan writes! Seor Castillo, who is passive for much of the action, pulls Isabel into the water at the end of the novel to ensure that she reaches the American coast. Lito, Isabels grandfather, also joins them. Ed. for a group? The stories are set in different times and places and are told from the perspective of the refugee children. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Kimberly Brubaker Bradley, Newbery Honor winning author of The War That Saved My Life. In Josefs story, the very calm of the Atlantic Ocean is menacing, hiding a darker future. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Some novels are engaging and some novels are important. Fidel Castro has taken over the country of Cuba and the citizens are sick of his dictatorship. Already a member? Lito tells the story of the St. Louis and how he had to turn away so many refugees when he was a young policeman. Teachers and parents! Filled with both tragic loss and ample evidence of resilience, these memorable and tightly plotted stories contextualize and give voice to current refugee crises, Exceptional readers Michael Goldstrom, Kyla Garcia, and Assaf Cohen tackle Gratzs compelling novel. Complete your free account to request a guide. Summary & Analysis Josef: Berlin, Germany - 1938; Isabel: Outside Havana, Cuba - 1994 (1) Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria - 2015 (1) . This is a powerful and inspirational book written by Alan Gratz, a great author. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Captain Schroeder demonstrates how to change the ship's speed. Each child experiences traumatic losses and personal victories as they struggle to escape the political instability of their homelands. Within the portal, all users can view and copy all storyboards. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. His experiences with oppression in Germany, and then as a refugee, cause him to grow up far sooner than he should have to. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Lito jumps in the water to distract the Coast Guard, and Isabels mother gives birth to a boy, just as they reach the shore. Refugee: Josef: Havana Harbor - 1939, 19 days (2) Summary & Analysis Next. Mahmouds father arranges for a smuggler to take them to the island of Lesbos, in Greece. Please wait while we process your payment. Students will see themselves in the young protagonists: children faced with insurmountable and tragic circumstances but who, at their heart, are just kids who love their families and want to live in peace. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. All three families make their asylum-seeking journeys on boats through perilous waters. When Isabel is asked to play a song at her new school in America, she plays a Cuban salsa version of The Star-Spangled Banner.. They skipped the chapters on the other two characters, and the students that read Josef's story had to read the last chapter of Mahmoud's . With riots and unrest plaguing her country, she and her family set out on a raft, hoping to find safety and freedom in America The second date is today's They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Josef wonders what this means for (read more from the Pages 74 - 109 Summary). It is called the most deadly conflict of the 21st century thus far, with 250,000 casualties and millions Syrians who have been forced to flee the devastation. After the war ended, Ruth returned to Germany to look for Josef and Rachel, but learned that the two were killed in concentration camps. Isabels best friend and neighbor, Ivn, is building a small boat with his father so that his family can flee to America. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Lito atones for the past by treading water and returning to Cuba. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. All three stories make for a great novel and it will teach you a lot and appreciate how good we have it. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Things dont go as planned when a fight breaks out and the family has to leave their car and belongings behind. Order our Refugee (Alan Gratz) Study Guide, teaching or studying Refugee (Alan Gratz). Storyboards also promote higher-level thinking by encouraging students to synthesize information and think critically about what they have read. Though the stories are fictionalized, the events they draw from are historical, enabling readers to empathize with the perils of those whose lives are too often dismissed as remote news stories. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. All storyboards are public and can be viewed and copied by anyone. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. No one else can view anything. When the family finally gets to their promised boat, they find that it is merely a rubber raft. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. The stories are set in different times and places and are told from the perspective of the refugee children. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Ruth promises to help Mahmoud find Hana. The family is eventually pulled from the water by the Greek Coast Guard. He is of average height with brown hair and brown eyes. From the outset, Gratz places readers in the middle of the action and immediately demonstrates the cruelty of the Nazis against the Jews. Summary Josef is still outside the Havana Harbor, 21 days from home. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Contact us For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! However, the trouble begins when the ship docks in Havana harbor and the Cuban government does not allow the passengers to disembark. Continue to start your free trial. Gratzs stirring novel humanizes the plight of refugees worldwide. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. The ship leaves for Europe, and Captain Schroeder promises to divide the passengers between England, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. They will also appear in Google search results. His father was put into a concentration camp during "The Night of Broken Glass," while Josef and his sister, Ruth watched their father being taken inhumanly. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. After the police see Isabels father participate in a riot, there is no option but for the Fernandez family to leave Cuba by boat. All will face unimaginable dangersfrom drownings to bombings to betrayals. His mother, father, little brother Waleed, and baby sister Hana barely manage to escape the bombing of their apartment building. Already a member? Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. This is an engaging tale. His mother gives the sailor their tickets and they board the boat. Though Josef is devastated, he wonders if this is what becoming a man means - not relying on your father. Josef's life is turned upside down on the night when Nazi Brownshirts take his father away to a concentration camp. Meanwhile, the civil war in Syria still continues to precipitate one of the worst humanitarian crises in history. Josefs fathers mental state deteriorates further, and he eventually jumps from the ship, trying to kill himself. You can view our. Josef's father, along with thousands of other Jewish men, was arrested and sent to Dachau, a concentration camp. Struggling with distance learning? Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Isabel wakes up, still in the boat, now 3 days from home. You're awesome. As Gratz observes in his author's note to the novel, the MS St. Louis was a real ship carrying . Mahmoud hands his sister, Hana, to another passing raft of refugees, knowing that his mother cannot hold her and swim. Josef Landau Josef is a 13-year-old Jewish boy living in Germany in the 1930s. If there are three dates, the first date is the date of the original As the starving populace rioted against dictator Fidel Castros police, Castro allowed Cubans to flee to the United States, thus ending the riots in effect. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. All are escaping persecution and seeking safety and freedom. However, because the number of people fleeing Cuba was enormous, the US government was extremely ambiguous about granting them asylum, placing the refugees in a very precarious position. March 4, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Before the ceremony begins, the Rabbi asks the captain to take down the portrait of Hitler, which the captain does. Isabel's story is set in Cuba in 1994 during a time of great economic crisis and upheaval. In doing so, he is able to atone for a past crime: he is Mariano Padron, one of the police officers who kept the passengers of the St. Louis from disembarking in Cuba in 1939, and only after stalling them for days with the false promise of maana. Josef demonstrates his personal desire to grow up, but over the course of the novel he comes to recognize the value of being able to be a child. Teachers can view all of their students storyboards, but students can only view their own. In what ways were they taken advantage of or harmed by the cruelty and apathy of others? This is an engaging tale. The frequent dangers that surround the boat underline the fragility of hope in the life of the novels asylum-seekers. Lito, Isabels grandfather, allows himself to be deported so that the Fernandezes can make it to Florida. Free trial is available to new customers only. With Storyboard That, you can create a wide variety of storyboards such as the story from the main character's perspective, or any other character's point of view. Josef: Havana Harbor 1939, 19 days (2). Isabels boat, too, tips over, the sea claiming her familys food and water. This is how Mahmoud puts it: No one cares about us if we stay out of your way, but if we come near you were seen as a burden. With riots and unrest plaguing her country, she and her family set out on a raft, hoping to find safety and freedom in America, Mahmoud is a Syrian boy in 2015. Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida - 1994, 5 days (1) Themes and Colors Key 2023 . Amidst the celebration of leaving, Josef is concerned about his father. Once he is released, the family flees to Cuba. The interplay between water and vessel, then, marks the unpredictable nature of a refugees journey. You have successfully joined Alan's newsletter list! Josef understands himself to be German, and yet the Nazis are trying to take away this aspect of German Jewish peoples identity. Impossible odds and families in peril make for vivid and unrelenting suspense in these stories of flight and daring. Though the three stories are historically discrete at first glance, they are linked by the fates of Ruth, Lito, and the Bisharas. Mahmouds city, the once-beautiful Aleppo, is particularly vulnerable, since it houses a large number of rebels opposed to al-Assad. Isabels story starts with a riot. Summary Themes Questions & Answers Characters Analysis Refugee Summary R efugee is a novel by Alan Gratz that examines three interrelated stories of the refugee experience. With his homeland torn apart by violence and destruction, he and his family begin a long trek toward Europe. This summary should be accessible to high beginning or low intermediate ENL students. What are some ways that the characters were helped by the kindness and compassion of others? For Aaron, it represents a metaphorical death, as he disappears into the water and subsequently out of Josefs life. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. This section starts with Josefs perspective, somewhere on the Atlantic in 1939, 8 days from home (74). Though Refugee is a novel, all three of its main storylines are based on actual historical events. Refugee looks readers straight in the eye, challenging them to truly see these kids who are battling the worst moments of our recent history. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Further, children are made heroes in Refugee precisely because children should not, ideally, have to be heroes. for a customized plan. The woman promises Mahmoud that she will help them find Hana and reveals to them her own story of being a refugee. On the sea, Mahmoud is marooned in the freezing Mediterranean, which ultimately capsizes his ramshackle raft. Even though Aaron still lives, his suicide attempt shows not only his own inner despair but the trauma that this event causes for Josef. How does the. Refugee is more than a story about children fleeing their homelands, it is a story about what unites us all love, family and perseverance. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. Thus, it would be a mistake to interpret Refugee as only a tale about extraordinary, heroic children. Mahmouds father tells them that Germany is accepting Syrian refugees and if they can get to Greece, they will be able to travel within the European Union to reach Germany. The way the content is organized, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. Each story weaves actual events into the narrative to create a realistic picture of the struggle and tragedies that families in each of these situations have faced. The rest, like Josef and his mother, were largely sent to concentration camps after Germany invaded other European countries. Gratz accomplishes a feat that is nothing short of brilliantPoignant, respectful, and historically accurate while pulsating with emotional turmoil, adventure, and suspense. Last Updated on June 29, 2020, by eNotes Editorial. Refugee is a historical fiction novel written in 2017 that weaves together three compelling stories of families seeking sanctuary in other countries. The journey aboard the St. Louis from Hamburg to Havana is a sunny interlude in Josef and Ruths troubled childhood. Josef is a Jewish boy in 1930s Nazi Germany. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. And why do children lead the novels action? Aboard the St. Louis, Josefs family and the other passengers, all Jewish refugees, are treated well by Captain Schroeder and most of the ships crew. Mahmoud; Waleed; their parents, Youssef and Fatima; and their baby sister, Hana, leave for Germany. On their way to Switzerland, the Landaus unfortunately run into German soldiers. In addition, any storyboard can be made sharable, where a private link to the storyboard can be shared externally. However, unspeakable tragedy occurs when Ivn dies in a sudden shark attack. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Last Updated on June 29, 2020, by eNotes Editorial. The third story belongs to thirteen-year-old Mahmoud Bishara, who lives in war-torn Aleppo, Syria, against the backdrop of a crisis which continues into the present day. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Thus, Gratz presents the stark reality of the perils of such a passage. Instant PDF downloads. This is a fascinating tale. Plus, our printable worksheets make it easy to take the fun offline. Water becomes the agent of change in each of these cases, emphasizing the centrality of adapting to survival. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. They have come to arrest Josef's father: "Other Jewish homes and businesses and synagogues were destroyed all over Germany, and tens of . One example is when Josefs family falls apart and he has to be the leader by talking to other people and acting as the main adult of his family. date the date you are citing the material. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. The Landaus disembark in France, which gives them some months of respite. online is the same, and will be the first date in the citation. A biblical reference to Noahs ark as the sanctuary bridging creatures over troubled waters is implicit in the novels boat imagery. The novels subtler point is that this extraordinariness itself is terrible. Like Josef, Isabel too has to grow up overnight in the face of uncertainty and assume the mantle of the adult of the family. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. Summary Plot Overview Refugee follows the stories of three different children and their families, each attempting to flee their violent homelands, in different regions of the world and during different decades. Isabel trades her trumpet to a fisherman for gasoline, paying her familys way onto Ivns familys boat. Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. If there are three dates, the first date is the date of the original This is a must read for anyone, especially people who like history. At only 13, Josef takes on much of the family's responsibilities. Isabels beloved grandfather Litoshort for Abuelitois on board as well, though he is unsure about leaving Cuba. Josefs father gets sent to a concentration camp. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. These arent completely true stories, but these things do happen to real people, even today. Complete your free account to request a guide. 3 Mar. It carried 937 Jewish refugees who were seeking freedom from Nazi persecution in Germany. When Officer Padron returns to the St. Louis, he is treated like a hero by the Jewish passengers. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. His family decides to leave and trek to Germany. Word Count: 1329. His experiences with oppression in Germany, and then as a refugee, cause him to grow up far sooner than he should have to. The trip is initially joyous and hopeful. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. This Study Guide consists of approximately 70pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - Mahmoud and his family travel through Serbia and into Hungary, where they are detained at a refugee camp that is built like a prison. Josef's story is set in Nazi Germany in 1939. The chapter ends as Josef searches for his father and realizes his father has jumped overboard. Josef's father is convinced there is a trap, so Josef and his mother go without him. They take a train to board the St. Louis, where it feels like paradise compared to the treatment they received the last couple of years. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days. Along with the Castillosincluding Isabels best friend, IvnIsabel; her father, Geraldo; and her pregnant mother, Teresa, leave Havana for Florida. He promises the passengers that he will try to deliver them to a country other than Germany. Aarons real crime, of course, is that he is a Jew, the minority group that Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler wants to eradicate. When Josefs father is reunited with his family, they notice that Dachau has changed him: he is paranoid and very thin. Finally, the Bisharas reach Germany, where they are offered a place to stay by a kind older Jewish woman. Refugee is a young adult literature novel by Alan Gratz published by Scholastic Corporation in 2017. Alan Gratzs novel Refugee (2017) illuminates the worldwide refugee crisis through the stories of three children fleeing possible death with their families in different times and places. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. 2023 . Mahmoud should not have to decide to give away his little sister to save her life, Josef should not have to slap his father to subdue him, and Isabel should not have to scramble to arrange gasoline for a boat to take her family away to possible safety. This is a powerful and inspirational book written by Alan Gratz, a great author. This is an easy summary of the book Refugee by Alan Gratz. His father refuses to leave the cabin, thinking the gathering is a Nazi trap. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs According to history, most of the St. Louiss passengers had to return to Europe, denied asylum by Cuba and Europe. It only gets worse for them, but in the end, he learns a powerful life lesson: Its better to be visible than invisible, because even though the bad people can harm you, the good people can help you. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. The Landau's went through many hardships during the . By focusing on details such as Ruths stuffed rabbit, Mahmouds counterfeit life jackets, and Isabels trumpet, fiction forces readers to view tragedy not as a removed phenomenon, but as something happening daily to people like us.. (one code per order). After the fall of the Soviet Union, Cuba has become inhospitable for most of its citizens under the regime of Fidel Castro. As Gratz observes in his authors note to the novel, the MS St. Louis was a real ship carrying 937 passengers, almost all of them Jews fleeing Nazi atrocities, that set sail for Cuba from Hamburg in 1939. The audio version provides an ideal (even mandatory) opportunity for libraries to share these resonating tales with readers reluctant to pick up the page. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Meeting Aaron at Hamburg, Josef is shocked to see his once-confident father visibly anxious and harrowed. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Once a beautiful, thriving city, Aleppo is now a bombed shell of its former self. Mahmoud and his traumatized younger brother, Waleed, have learned to survive the frequent bombings and the bullying by majority Sunnis by learning to be invisible. However, the family is forced to act when their neighborhood is bombed.